Αγγλικά διαλυτικά
- Thread starter dharvatis
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cougr
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Το «New Yorker» χρησιμοποιεί διαλυτικά εδώ και περίπου 100 χρόνια. Δεδομένου ότι δεν έχουν καθιερωθεί ευρύτερα σε όλο αυτό το διάστημα, δεν νομίζω ότι θα αλλάξει κάτι τώρα.
Μου θύμισες το παρακάτω άρθρο που είχα διαβάσει πριν αρκετά χρόνια.
www.newyorker.com
Μου θύμισες το παρακάτω άρθρο που είχα διαβάσει πριν αρκετά χρόνια.
The Curse of the Diaeresis
The special tool we use here at The New Yorker for punching out the two dots that we then center carefully over the second vowel in such words as …
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Nov 7, 2014:
coöperate (third-person singular simple present coöperates, present participle coöperating, simple past and past participle coöperated)
Nov 17, 2016:
Δόκτωρ,
Αλλά με την ευκαιρία χάζεψα τους γλωσσικούς χάρτες παραπάνω (μονόγλωσσοι οι Ούγγροι, αυτό ξαναπέστο!...) και την ωραία ιστορία του κεφαλαίου του Πιδύου --όπου πέτυχα τον τύπο preëminent, που δεν τον είχα ξαναδεί.
Έτσι. Αλλά κι εγώ βαριέμαι να ψάξω τώρα. Άντε, καλά:
The Curse of the Diaeresis
BY MARY NORRIS, The New Yorker, April 26, 2012
The special tool we use here at The New Yorker for punching out the two dots that we then center carefully over the second vowel in such words as “naïve” and “Laocoön” will be getting a workout this year, as the Democrats coöperate to reëlect the President.
Those two dots, often mistaken for an umlaut, are actually a diaeresis (pronounced “die heiresses”; it’s from the Greek for “divide”). The difference is that an umlaut is a German thing that alters the pronunciation of a vowel (Brünnhilde), and often changes the meaning of a word: schon (adv.), already; schön (adj.), beautiful. In the case of a diphthong, the umlaut goes over the first vowel. And it is crucial. A diaeresis goes over the second vowel and indicates that it forms a separate syllable. Most of the English-speaking world finds the diaeresis inessential. Even Fowler, of Fowler’s “Modern English Usage,” says that the diaeresis “is in English an obsolescent symbol.”
It’s actually a lot of trouble, these days, to get the diaeresis to stick over the vowels. The autocorrect on my word-processing program (I was just kidding about the hole punch) automatically whisks it off, and I have to go back, highlight the letter, hold down the option key while pressing the “u,” and then retype the appropriate letter. The question is: Why bother? I am not getting paid by the hour.
The fact is that, absent the two dots, most people would not trip over the “coop” in “cooperate” or the “reel” in “reelect” (though they might pronounce the “zoo” in “zoological,” a potential application of the diaeresis that we get no credit for resisting). And yet we use the diaeresis for the same reason that we use the hyphen: to keep the cow out of co-workers.
Basically, we have three options for these kinds of words: “cooperate,” “co-operate,” and “coöperate.” Back when the magazine was just getting started, someone decided that the first misread and the second was ridiculous, and adopted the diaeresis as the most elegant solution with the broadest application. The diaeresis is the single thing that readers of the letter-writing variety complain about most.
We do change our style from time to time. My predecessor (and the former keeper of the comma shaker) told me that she used to pester the style editor, Hobie Weekes, who had been at the magazine since 1928, to get rid of the diaeresis. She found it fussy. She said that once, in the elevator, he told her he was on the verge of changing that style and would be sending out a memo soon. And then he died.
This was in 1978. No one has had the nerve to raise the subject since.
Illustration by Jordan Awan.
Wiktionary: coöperate
Diaeresis (diacritic)
The diaeresis mark is sometimes used in English personal first and last names to indicate that two adjacent vowels should be pronounced separately, rather than as a diphthong. Examples include the given names Chloë and Zoë, which otherwise might be pronounced with a silent e. To discourage a similar mispronunciation, the mark is also used in the surname Brontë. It may be used optionally for words that do not have a morphological break at the diaeresis point, such as naïve, Boötes, and Noël. However, its use in words such as coöperate and reënter has been dropped or replaced by the use of a hyphen except in a very few publications—notably The New Yorker.
Ÿ is sometimes used in transcribed Greek, where it represents the Greek letter υ (upsilon) in hiatus with α. For example, it can be seen in the transcription Artaÿctes of the Persian name Ἀρταΰκτης at the very end of Herodotus, or the name of Mount Taÿgetus on the southern Peloponnesus peninsula, which in modern Greek is spelled Ταΰγετος.
coöperate (third-person singular simple present coöperates, present participle coöperating, simple past and past participle coöperated)
- Dated spelling of cooperate.
- 1891, Herbert Myrick, chapter 1, in How to Coöperate: The full fruits of labor to producer, honest value to consumer, just return to capital, prosperity to all. A manual for coöperators[1], New York: Orange Judd, page 10:
The best progress is made by combining the practice of coöperation with the science of coöperation. They are one and inseparable to the fullest benefit. But the real way to coöperate is to coöperate. - 2007, John Esten Cooke, A Life of Gen. Robert E. Lee[2], page 40:
Other bodies of Federal troops had advanced into Virginia to coöperate with the main force on the Peninsula. [...] This would completely insure the communications of his army from interruption; and it was no doubt expected that Generals Fremont and Banks would coöperate in the movement also. - 2017 October, John Cassidy, “Robert Mueller Sends a Message: He’s Deadly Serious”, in The New Yorker[3]:
Zeldin imagined Mueller taking such a step to pressure Manafort to coöperate.
- 1891, Herbert Myrick, chapter 1, in How to Coöperate: The full fruits of labor to producer, honest value to consumer, just return to capital, prosperity to all. A manual for coöperators[1], New York: Orange Judd, page 10:
Nov 17, 2016:
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