Γιά να πιάσουμε τα δύσκολα. Η ερώτηση από φίλη. Και οι δύο λέξεις μού ήταν άγνωστες. Και οι μεταφράσεις τους δυσεύρετες.
precocial describes some animals that display independent activity at birth, especially young birds that are hatched covered with down and with open eyes.
altricial describes birds or mammals that are helpless when young and dependent on their parents for food [Encarta]
(Προφανής η ετυμολογική/σημασιολογική σχέση του πρώτου με το precocious.)
Περισσότερα στη Wikipedia:
Προς το παρόν μπορώ να σκεφτώ μόνο κλασικές μεταφράσεις: πλήρως ανεπτυγμένα νεογνά και ατελή νεογνά.
Σε κάποιο σχολικό βιβλίο διαβάζω:
Με βάση τον τρόπο αναπαραγωγής τους τα θηλαστικά χωρίζονται στα ανώτερα, που γεννούν πλήρως ανεπτυγμένα νεογνά, στα ωοτόκα, που γεννούν αβγά και στα μαρσιποφόρα, που γεννούν ατελή νεογνά.
Αλλά νιώθω ότι χρειαζόμαστε δύο (ή καλύτερα 4, μαζί με τα nidi—) όρους. Μήπως υπάρχουν και είναι καλοκρυμμένοι σε κάποια βιβλία;
precocial describes some animals that display independent activity at birth, especially young birds that are hatched covered with down and with open eyes.
altricial describes birds or mammals that are helpless when young and dependent on their parents for food [Encarta]
(Προφανής η ετυμολογική/σημασιολογική σχέση του πρώτου με το precocious.)
Περισσότερα στη Wikipedia:
In Biology, the term precocial refers to species in which the young are relatively mature and mobile from the moment of birth or hatching. The opposite developmental strategy is called "altricial", where the young are born helpless. Extremely precocial species may be called "superprecocial". These three categories form a continuum, without distinct gaps between them. Precocial species are normally nidifugous, meaning that they leave the nest shortly after birth.
The span between precocial and altricial species is particularly broad in birds. Precocial birds, including many ground-nesting species, have offspring that are born with well-ossified skeletons, with good sight, and covered with feathers. Very precocial birds can be ready to leave the nest in a short period of time following hatching (e.g. 24 hours). Many precocial chicks are not independent in thermoregulation (the ability to regulate their own body temperatures), and they depend on the attending parent(s) to brood them with body heat for a short period of time. Precocial birds find their own food, sometimes with help or instruction from the parents. Examples of precocial birds include the domestic chicken, many species of ducks and geese, and rails and crakes. The most extreme, superprecocial birds are the megapodes, where the newly-hatched chicks dig themselves out of the nest mound without parental assistance, and fly on the first day after hatching.
Precociality is found in many other animal groups. Familiar examples of precocial mammals are most ungulates, the guinea pig, and most species of hare. This last example demonstrates that precociality is not a particularly conservative characteristic, in the evolutionary sense, since the closely related rabbit is highly altricial.
Στο IATE έχουμε για τους δύο αυτούς όρους την ανεπαρκή απόδοση δύο άλλων όρων:The span between precocial and altricial species is particularly broad in birds. Precocial birds, including many ground-nesting species, have offspring that are born with well-ossified skeletons, with good sight, and covered with feathers. Very precocial birds can be ready to leave the nest in a short period of time following hatching (e.g. 24 hours). Many precocial chicks are not independent in thermoregulation (the ability to regulate their own body temperatures), and they depend on the attending parent(s) to brood them with body heat for a short period of time. Precocial birds find their own food, sometimes with help or instruction from the parents. Examples of precocial birds include the domestic chicken, many species of ducks and geese, and rails and crakes. The most extreme, superprecocial birds are the megapodes, where the newly-hatched chicks dig themselves out of the nest mound without parental assistance, and fly on the first day after hatching.
Precociality is found in many other animal groups. Familiar examples of precocial mammals are most ungulates, the guinea pig, and most species of hare. This last example demonstrates that precociality is not a particularly conservative characteristic, in the evolutionary sense, since the closely related rabbit is highly altricial.
nidicolous bird / altricial bird = φωλεόβιο πτηνό
nidifugous bird / precocial bird = φωλεόφοβο πτηνό
Αυτός που απέδωσε έτσι το nidifugous, μάλλον δεν γνώριζε τη σημασία του.nidifugous bird / precocial bird = φωλεόφοβο πτηνό
Προς το παρόν μπορώ να σκεφτώ μόνο κλασικές μεταφράσεις: πλήρως ανεπτυγμένα νεογνά και ατελή νεογνά.
Σε κάποιο σχολικό βιβλίο διαβάζω:
Με βάση τον τρόπο αναπαραγωγής τους τα θηλαστικά χωρίζονται στα ανώτερα, που γεννούν πλήρως ανεπτυγμένα νεογνά, στα ωοτόκα, που γεννούν αβγά και στα μαρσιποφόρα, που γεννούν ατελή νεογνά.
Αλλά νιώθω ότι χρειαζόμαστε δύο (ή καλύτερα 4, μαζί με τα nidi—) όρους. Μήπως υπάρχουν και είναι καλοκρυμμένοι σε κάποια βιβλία;
